如果没有强制索引，mysql会优先使用where语句中的字段索引，但是parent_id字段属于大量重复值，导致整个sql语句执行缓慢。
SELECT member_id FROM `members` FORCE INDEX (ind_create_time) WHERE parent_id=0 ORDER BY create_time DESC limit 1
原本只是想验证一下选择不同索引对innodb count(*)查询速度的影响。
各位顺道可参考下这篇文章 [InnoDB系列] -- innodb表如何更快得到count(*)结果。
测试过程中没想到同样的一条sql语句仅仅是增加了force index后查询速度几乎快了一倍。
select count(*) from http_log_3 force index(time) where time >= 000000 //1 row in set (11 min 19.35 sec)
select count(*) from http_log_3 where time >= 000000 //1 row in set (20 min 5.86 sec)
但实际上通过explain分析可知其实这两条sql语句使用的都是time索引，完全一样！
在这个特例当中使用force index(time)后影响的并不是索引key的选择（优化器默认也使用time索引），而是type及rows.
很想知道这是为什么，rows是如何被估算出来的，可有公式？
测试环境：
数据库 mysql 5.1.34，innodb引擎，使用innodb_file_per_table选项。
使用表分区方式创建数据表（按日分区共十个），表中一共有5000万数据，即每个分区各500万。
测试输出：
--------------使用强制索引后：
explain partitions select count(*) from http_log_3 force index(time) where time >= 000000
--------------
+----+-------------+------------+-----------------------------------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+-----------------------------------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | http_log_3 | p0,p1,p2,p3,p4,p5, | range | time | time | 3 | NULL | 25000141 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+------------+-----------------------------------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+----------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
--------------未使用强制索引：
explain partitions select count(*) from http_log_3 where time >= 000000
--------------
+----+-------------+------------+-----------------------------------+-------+--------------------------+------+---------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+-----------------------------------+-------+--------------------------+------+---------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | http_log_3 | p0,p1,p2,p3,p4,p5 | index | time_ip,time_domain,time | time | 3 | NULL | 50000291 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+------------+-----------------------------------+-------+--------------------------+------+---------+------+----------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
--------------
explain partitions select count(*) from http_log_3
--------------
+----+-------------+------------+-----------------------------------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+-----------------------------------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+----------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | http_log_3 | p0,p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,p6,p7,p8,p9,p10 | index | NULL | time | 3 | NULL | 50000291 | Using index |
+----+-------------+------------+-----------------------------------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+----------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
--------------
select count(*) from http_log_3 force index(time) where time >= 000000
--------------
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 50000000 |
+----------+
1 row in set (11 min 19.35 sec)
--------------
select count(*) from http_log_3 where time >= 000000
--------------
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 50000000 |
+----------+
1 row in set (20 min 5.86 sec)
--------------
select count(*) from http_log_3
--------------
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 50000000 |
+----------+
1 row in set (20 min 6.32 sec)
有话要说